As Europe accelerates its green transition, a critical dilemma emerges in Sweden's Kiruna, where the largest known rare-earth deposit threatens the ancient reindeer migration routes of the Sami people. The Per Geijer deposit, hailed as a cornerstone of Europe's clean-tech ambitions, stands at the intersection of strategic mineral needs and Indigenous rights, posing a profound challenge to the continent's decarbonization goals.
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Kiruna may have to relocate another 6,000 residents as LKAB expands the world’s largest underground iron ore mine.
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